Nature-based Solutions: Restoring Ecosystems, Strengthening Communities
In the heart of Oceania, communities are harnessing the power of nature to combat climate change, protect biodiversity, and enhance public health. Dr. Aaron Jenkins, Associate Professor in Planetary Health and Sydney Horizon Fellow at the University of Sydney, emphasized the importance of these "Nature-based solutions," which he described as more than just technical interventions. "They're partnerships with the living world," he explained. "And in Oceania, this partnership is guided by generations of indigenous knowledge and stewardship." He made these remarks during the Oceania Planetary Health Forum held at the Shangri-La resort in Sigatoka from the 25th-28th February 2025.
The aspect of Nature-based Solutions
Nature-based Solutions (NBS) focus on protecting, sustainably managing, and restoring ecosystems to address societal challenges. In the Pacific region, these initiatives take many forms—from mangroves that buffer storm surges to coral reefs that support fisheries and upland forests that safeguard freshwater supplies. "These solutions work because they reflect what we know to be true," says Dr. Jenkins. "When ecosystems thrive, people thrive."
The Pacific Islands, known for their rich natural and cultural diversity, are particularly vulnerable to climate change and biodiversity loss. However, indigenous communities possess invaluable ecological knowledge that offers insights into sustainable practices. The region also grapples with the "triple burden" of disease—infectious diseases like malaria, non-communicable diseases such as obesity, and climate-induced health impacts—further highlighting the need for innovative, sustainable solutions.
Key Principles for Success
Implementing effective nature-based solutions requires more than good intentions. Research and experience have established four essential guidelines:
1. Contextual Integration – Solutions must be tailored to the unique environmental, social, and economic conditions of each location. "What works in the reefs of Fiji won't necessarily be the same as what's needed in the forests of Papua New Guinea," Dr. Jenkins noted.
2. Biodiversity Enhancement – Maintaining biodiversity is crucial for resilience. "Healthy ecosystems are the foundation of human well-being," he stressed.
3. Inclusive Governance – Indigenous communities must lead these efforts. "Nature-based solutions can't succeed without the leadership of those who have lived in and cared for these environments for thousands of years."
4. Long-Term Sustainability – Projects must endure beyond their initial implementation. Adaptive management and ongoing monitoring are critical to ensuring continued success.
Real-World Impact Across the Pacific
Pacific Island communities are already demonstrating the power of Nature-based Solutions:
· Fiji: Local communities restore mangroves, not only as a barrier against coastal erosion but also as a habitat for fish and crabs, improving food security.
· Vanuatu: Coral reef restoration projects help sustain marine biodiversity and fisheries.
· Papua New Guinea: Reforestation efforts mitigate erosion, protect freshwater sources, and reduce health risks.
Dr. Alice Latinne- WCS Melanesia Regional Project Coordinator Photo: © WCS-Fiji/ Milika Tabua
Dr. Alice Latinne, Melanesia Regional Project Coordinator for the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), highlighted the urgent need for conservation efforts in Papua New Guinea’s Manus Island, an area experiencing some of the highest deforestation rates in the country. "Manus is a key biodiversity area, home to several endemic species, yet it's under serious threats," she explains.
Through the Kiwa WISH+ project funded by the Kiwa Initiative, WCS has been working with local communities for over a decade, implementing conservation agreements that prevent logging in exchange for community benefits. "By restoring forests, we not only protect biodiversity but also reduce climate vulnerabilities and safeguard public health," Dr. Latinne added. Preliminary findings from environmental monitoring show that watersheds with lower levels of deforestation are characterized by better water quality, while areas with higher deforestation levels show poorer water quality.
The Road Ahead
As Nature-based Solutions gain momentum, three critical factors must guide future efforts:
1. Interdisciplinary Collaboration – Scientists, policymakers, public health experts, and community leaders must work together.
2. Scalable Models – What succeeds in one village should be adapted and expanded across the region.
3. Robust Monitoring & Evaluation – Measuring the impact of these initiatives ensures they remain effective and adaptable.
Although the term "Nature-based Solutions" may seem new, the concept is deeply rooted in indigenous traditions. "Resilience isn't built alone," Dr. Jenkins reminded us. "It's built together—with nature, and through our relationship with it."
As the Pacific region continues to lead by example, the rest of the world can look to these island nations for inspiration in using Nature-based Solutions to tackle some of our most pressing challenges.
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